Document Type

Research Project

Publication Date

Fall 9-25-2025

Abstract

With the aim to bring into effect and localize the Sharm El-Sheikh Adaptation Agenda (SAA) and the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), this policy research paper looks at three interrelated adaptation axes: increasing finance and capacity, investing in people, and building urban resilience. This study identifies institutional, financial, and governance mechanisms that can provide equitable and effective climate adaptation through comparative case studies of Egypt and Kenya, two African countries with different but complementary adaptation pathways. With a focus on two primary themes— localizing the SAA and operationalizing the GGA—it evaluates adaptation finance flows, community-based health and education systems, and urban infrastructure planning. Particular focus is placed on subnational governance, youth-led innovation, and inclusive financing frameworks that prioritize vulnerable populations like women, Indigenous communities, and smallholder farmers. Lessons learned offer scalable, context-specific models for other developing countries preparing comprehensive adaptation frameworks for COP30 and beyond.

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