Document Type

Research Project

Publication Date

8-2025

Abstract

Water scarcity is a global problem that threatens our life on Earth. Unfortunately, this problem becomes more serious over time. Moreover, climate change makes this problem more serious than before. According to the Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), around 80% of the global population will experience water scarcity by 2050, and around 1.8 billion people will be living in regions suffering from water scarcity. This threat to human beings becomes closer to us than ever before due to the increase in population and the immense negative impact of climate change. Especially in arid and semi-arid regions, as rainfall can’t be expected, leading to flash floods which result in devastating effects on infrastructure and loss of lives. One of the areas most prone to this crisis is the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, especially Egypt (Ezzeldin et al., 2022a). Egypt suffers from severe water stress. Additionally, Egypt is expected to have only 536 cubic meters per person per year by 2025, which is below the water poverty threshold. To address this issue, we should shift to groundwater. Sadly, groundwater continues to decline due to overexploitation and deficiency in groundwater reserves (Ezzeldin et al., 2022a). Our need for a sustainable source of water and a management system is no longer a luxury option; it is a decision that will determine our future on Earth. Scientists in recent decades found the Sinai Peninsula is the best option for research studies because of its unique arid region, where climate, physiography, geomorphology, and lithostructural features are interconnected in a way that enables us to apply our latest research. In this research, it will discuss the different mechanisms of flood harvesting in order to mitigate its detrimental effect on infrastructure, besides using it as a sustainable source of fresh water. Starting from Bedouin efforts to save their environment until we reached the technology by combining the data we get from GIS or satellites that enable us to overcome different challenges we faced in our journey

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