Zeyad El-Sayed

Document Type

Research Project

Publication Date

9-28-2025

Abstract

This policy paper explores how the growing international controversy over deep-sea mining (DSM) can be addressed under the considerations of climate justice, through analyzing two case studies, Nauru and Kiribati, of Pacific islands. Both states are highly vulnerable to climate change and economic instability, yet have adopted different strategies. Nauru has improved and enhanced its DSM plans in the Clarion–Clipperton Zone to ensure its sovereign development rights and economic needs. On the other hand, Kiribati has taken more mechanisms that are cautious measures to temporary pause the DSM negotiations in response to public pressure and environmental concerns. These cases show the political, ethical, and ecological challenges that the Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face. Thus, they must navigate these challenges to address both climate vulnerability and resource exploitation. The paper addresses the international actors; especially the International Seabed Authority and COP30 policymakers, to offer financial and legal policies that promote precautionary and community-driven seabed governance as well as prevent the new forms of ecocide. Finally, the paper will conclude with policy recommendations for domestic and international decision-makers, providing a temporary pause of climate-linked incentives for SIDS. These recommendations seek to align ocean protection with equitable and sustainable development. This policy paper contributes to the ongoing international efforts to integrate deep-sea mining regulation and laws into the current framework of global environmental justice and planetary security.

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