Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2023

Abstract

Background: Surface roughness of dental implants impacts the survival of adult periodontal stem cells and rate of differentiation. This research was conducted to test how human periodontal ligament stem cells behaved on yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs with different surface topographies.

Methods: Discs roughening was prepared by sandblasting. Stem cells were cultivated on zirconia discs with a polished surface, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs with a polished surface, sandblasted zirconia discs and sandblasted polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs. Cells viability was assessed after 24, 48, 72 hours. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the adherence and attachment of cells. Osteoblastic differentiation capacity was studied by checking the mineralization clusters development through alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase assay. ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: Polished polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs showed lower cell viability, whereas roughened sandblasted zirconia and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs showed the highest proliferation rates and cell viability percent. The osteogenic differentiation was enhanced for rough surfaces in comparison to polished surfaces. Sandblasted zirconia and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) discs showed a markedly increased mineralized nodule development and ALP enzyme activity compared to the polished surface and control.

Conclusions: Micro- topographies creation on the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implant surface enhances stem cell attachment, viability, and osteogenic differentiation.

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