The Therapeutic Effect of Honey Bee Venom versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Submandibular Salivary Glands of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

Spring 3-29-2022

Abstract

Therapeutic bee venom (BV) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were widely applied in various diseases. This study was conducted to compare the effect of BV and BMSCs on the submandibular salivary glands of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: 40 male rats were used. Five rats were utilized for BMSCs isolation and culture, 5 rats served as the control group, however the remaining 30 rats were distributed as follow: untreated diabetic group; received a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of STZ, BV treated diabetic group; diabetic rats received a daily IP dose of 0.5 mg/kg BV for 4 weeks, and BMSCs treated diabetic group; diabetic rats received a single IV injection of BMSCs. All animals were euthanized after a month, the submandibular salivary glands were dissected and evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT- PCR) examinations. Finally, all obtained data were statistically analyzed.

Results: Regarding control group the salivary gland architecture was normal, while the diabetic group revealed degenerative glandular changes. Both diabetic treated groups showed improved histological pictures, however; improvement was more obvious in the BMSCs treated group in comparison to the BV treated one. Regarding the diabetic group, a significantly increased inducible nitric oxide synthase

(iNOS) immunoexpression and Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were noticed. However, following BV and BMSCs treatments, a significantly decreased iNOS immunoreactivity and overexpression of HO-1 gene were noticed.

Conclusion: Both BMSCs and BV treatments ameliorated degenerative effects of diabetes, yet; BMSCs exhibited a more significant therapeutic effect than BV.

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