DualRegulationofOsteogenesisandInflammationby Pomegranate(PunicagranatumL.)Extract in PeriodontalLigament-DerivedStemCells:Implications forRegenerativeMedicine

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

Winter 1-23-2026

Abstract

Objectives Thisarticleaimstocomparetheosteogenicalongwithanti-inflammatory activityofdifferentconcentrationsofpomegranateextract(PG)onhumanperiodontal ligament-derivedstemcells(hPDLSCs) invitro. MaterialsandMethods hPDLSCswereacquiredfromtherootsurfaceof removed molars,cultured,andthendistinguishedbyflowcytometryanalysisandseverallineage differentiationpotentials.ToidentifytheeffectofPGonhPDLSCs’viability,anMTT assaywasperformed.hPDLSCsweremaintainedinosteogenicinductionmediumwith varyingconcentrationsofPG.At theendof theinductionperiod,osteogenesiswas assessed usingAlizarin Red staining, ALP assay, and qRT-PCR to determine the expressionofOPG,RUNX2,Ki67,andTNF-α. Statistical Analysis All experimentswere conducted in triplicate, anddata are presentedasthemean standarddeviation(SD).One-wayANOVAfollowedbyTukey’s posthoctestwasperformedtoassessstatisticalsignificanceatathresholdofp< 0.05. Results The results of theMTT assay demonstrated that 100mg/mL PG had significantly lowercell viabilitythantheotherconcentrations.Statistical analysisof theALPenzymeactivitywasmostlypronouncedat6.25and12.5mg/mLconcentrations,while itwas leastpronouncedat50mg/mL. PCRrevealedthat thegroup treatedwitha6.25-mg/mLconcentrationexhibitedsignificantlyelevatedexpression ratesofRUNX2,OPG,andKi67incontrastwiththecontrolgroup.Conversely, the 50-mg/mLconcentrationgroupdemonstratedthelowestexpressionlevels.Regarding TNF-α, the50-mg/mL concentrationgroup showed thegreatest expression levels comparedwiththecontrolgroupandallotherconcentrations.

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