Document Type

Article

Publication Date

Summer 8-21-2025

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of two proposed configurations for current-to-voltage converters tailored for nano-scale current-based sensor applications, focusing on key performance metrics such as linearity, dynamic range, DC noise immunity, and power losses. The evaluation employed frequency-dependent analyses, including transient response, step response, input impedance, and frequency-dependent noise spectra, to compare a cascaded double output configuration with a pre-current amplifier design. The results indicate a trade-off between dynamic range and linearity, with the pre-current amplifier demonstrating a higher dynamic range but lower linearity compared to the cascaded configuration. Additionally, the current amplifier configuration exhibited advantages in power consumption and input impedance. The study underscores the significance of frequency-dependent analyses for dynamic sensor operations, highlighting the effectiveness of both circuits in achieving stable transient responses and thorough time response analysis. Notably, the pre-current amplifier circuit showcased superior input impedance characteristics, achieving an impressive DC input impedance of 2.8 GΩ, which is well-suited for coupling with the 117 kΩ impedance of the troponin biosensor, thereby minimizing signal degradation. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing current-based sensor interfacing circuits to enhance performance in nano-scale applications. The uniqueness of this research is marked by the development of two innovative circuit designs—the Cascaded Configuration and the Pre-current Amplifier Configuration—both of which significantly improve sensitivity, dynamic range, and noise immunity compared to existing literature. Moreover, by optimizing power consumption and layout area, this work presents a practical and efficient framework for portable medical applications, advancing the state-of-the-art in biosensor interfacing and contributing to more accurate and reliable cardiac diagnostics.

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