Decentralized Droop Control for Stabilizing DC Bus Voltage in Renewable DC Microgrids

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

Summer 6-2-2026

Abstract

The increased penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and DC-based loads has led to an increased adoption of DC microgrids, which can be an efficient solution in comparison to traditional AC-based microgrids. Nevertheless, a significant technical challenge in DC microgrids pertains to the maintenance of a reliable DC bus voltage dealing with intermittent energy sources and variable DC loads. This study suggests an integrated regulatory strategy for an independent DC microgrid, which encompasses a 20-kW photo voltaic (PV) system, a 30-kW wind energy system, and a 30-kWh bidirectional battery energy storage system (BESS) that caters to a variable DC load within the 0 kW to 60 kW range. The voltage of the direct current (DC) bus is regulated at a steady level by implementing a droop control technique in the BESS. This approach allows autonomous power equilibrium and allows for bidirectional power transfer based on the current operational circumstances. The DC microgrid that is being investigated is simulated and analyzed using the MATLAB software. The results obtained from the simulation are analyzed based on their dynamic performance characteristics when subjected to intermittent renewable energy sources and DC loads. The results obtained have confirmed that the proposed droop control strategy, when applied to the Battery Energy Storage System, is able to maintain the DC bus voltage within acceptable limits and improve the stability of the DC microgrid.

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