Flexible Nonenzymatic Glucose Biosensor Based on Magnetoelectrochemical Deposition of Cu

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

Abstract

Diabetes is believed to be one of the most significant public health concerns of the coming decades, with substantial efforts being devoted towards the development of new and advanced glucose monitoring systems. This paper describes the exploitation of magnetic field-assisted deposition of Cu for the fabrication of a flexible, nonenzymatic amperometric sensor for the determination of glucose levels in human sweat. Using a specially designed 3D printed electrochemical cell, Cu was deposited onto a flexible indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate substrate in the presence of magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 4195 G. The amperometric responses of the Cu-ITO sensor fabricated in the presence of 4195 G (Mag-Cu-ITO) demonstrated a significantly higher sensitivity of 1052 μA mM−1 compared to the Cu-ITO sensor fabricated in the absence (i.e., 0 mT) of a magnetic field, which yielded a sensitivity of 688 μA mM−1. The Mag-Cu-ITO sensor demonstrated a linear relationship with glucose concentrations between 5 and 390 μM, which covers the physiologically relevant glucose levels in human sweat and showed no response to interferants also found in sweat (i.e. caffeine, thiocyanate, uric acid, urea, ascorbic acid). The proposed Mag-Cu-ITO sensor was successfully applied towards determining glucose levels in human sweat.

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